Other Generic  System Daemons   Open Process A generic open system undergoing a process from an uniform b-State to an uniform f-State due to mass transfer through an inlet or exit port. Charging and discharging are the most common examples of such processes.  Full-size image Closed and Steady Systems (Cycles) Besides trivial examples such as an isolated system, an overall cycle can be treated as a closed and steady system. This daemon can be used to determine the thermal efficiency or COP of heat engines, refrigerators or heat pumps from an overall energy and entropy analysis. For internal details of the cycle, you have to use one of the specialized daemons. Full-size image Next feature